Complications of Mental Health Disorders

Mental health influences how we think, feel, and behave. Mental health disorders can therefore lead to a range of challenges that extend beyond the mind. These challenges are called complications.

Many complications can arise alongside mental health conditions, including:

• Substance use
• Relationship problems
• Work and school
• Financial concerns
• Physical health problems
• Suicide risk

Substance use

Living with a mental health condition can be hard. Research shows that people who live with anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often use substances like alcohol or drugs to cope with their feelings. This is a form of self-medication that can create a dangerous cycle. While certain substance use may provide temporary relief, it can worsen mental health symptoms.¹

Also, brain changes that come with certain mental illnesses can increase a chance of dependence. Many medicines also interact with substances. This can make it all the more dangerous to continue using the substance.¹

Relationship problems

Mental health conditions can strain relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners. Feelings of sadness, anxiety, or irritability might lead to misunderstandings or conflicts between people. Communication can become difficult, making it hard for loved ones to provide needed support.²

When mental illness is present in a relationship, it can be very difficult for both partners to cope. A 2019 study found that 1 partner having a mental illness can lead to:²

• A shift in equilibrium – the spouse of a person with mental illness often takes on more responsibility in order to care for their partner
• A strained relationship
• Difficulty communicating
• Lack of intimacy and sex

Work and school

Balancing mental health concerns with the demands of work or school can be tough. Concentration, performance, and productivity may suffer. Symptoms of a mental health condition may lead a person to take time off from work or school. This can impact their long-term goals, finances, and future opportunities.³

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mental illnesses like depression are linked with higher rates of disability and unemployment. To further complicate matters, many folks struggling with their mental health might not seek help or request accommodations. They may fear judgment, discrimination, or job loss.³

It is illegal for employers to discriminate against you because of a mental health issue. Know your rights.⁴

Financial concerns

Financial concerns and mental health challenges often go hand in hand. Financial insecurity can cause great anxiety, worry, and distress. Specific grants and programs are available that can help protect people with mental illnesses.⁵

In a 2019 study, researchers found that 3 in 10 adults had a hard time meeting financial needs. And a 2021 survey found that more than 1 in 10 US adults sometimes or often did not have enough food to eat. Financial strains like these are very serious and can negatively impact a person’s overall health. This includes their mental health.⁵

For those with a mental health diagnosis, the financial toll of treating their condition can be substantial. Treatment costs, therapy sessions, and medicines can add up quickly. If work becomes difficult to maintain due to mental health struggles, loss of income can make matters worse. The financial burden can intensify stress, potentially worsening the mental health condition itself.⁶

Physical health problems

Mental health and physical health are closely linked. Conditions like anxiety can show up as physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach issues, or shortness of breath. Depression has been shown to increase the risk of chronic health conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.^7,8

On the flip side, living with health conditions like cancer, heart disease, and chronic pain can decrease mental well-being. And in those with physical health problems and depression, symptoms tend to be more severe.⁹

Suicide risk

One of the most serious complications of untreated mental health conditions is an increased risk of suicide. Feelings of hopelessness, isolation, and despair can lead a person to contemplate ending their life.¹⁰

Suicide is the 12th leading cause of death. It is crucial to recognize the warning signs and reach out for help if you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide. Getting professional support and talking openly about these feelings can be life-saving. Call or text 988, call 1-800-273-TALK (8255), or use the Lifeline online chat to get help.¹⁰

Seeking help

In the face of these complications, help is available. Mental health professionals such as therapists, counselors, and psychiatrists are trained to provide the support needed to manage and overcome mental health challenges.